Early American History Up To 1865

Early American History Up To 1865 Free Online Research Papers In the mid 1600’s John Smith drove an endeavor to the new world joined by honorable men from his country so as to build up another settlement called Jamestown. They came poorly arranged and didn't have a lot of devices to ensure their prosperity, so when they initially showed up their main job end up being exceptionally troublesome. Beside not having the fundamental methods for endurance, the new pilgrims we continually enduring an onslaught or at consistent chances with the Indians who occupied the land when they showed up. The Algonquian Indians were going by a wild head who was dreaded by his supporters just as a portion of the new settlers to the nation; his name was Powhatan. Boss Powhatan was the sort of boss that could make his subordinates tremble with only one look of objection. He was a furious warrior and for a considerable length of time, helped the Indians keep up sway over their territory. His replacement and relative Opechancanough assumed control over the assignment of being the pioneer of the Algonquian individuals in the occasion on Chief Powhatan’s inauspicious demise. He was likewise an incredible warrior and was really answerable for taking John Smith hostage in 1608 and bringing him before the boss for judgment. This is the point at which it is said in history that the chief’s little girl Pocahontas mediated for his sake. Her union with John Rolfe carried a time of harmony to Jamestown which finished unexpectedly when boss Powhatan kicked the bucket in 1618. After the Indian Massacre in 1622, Chief Opechancanough abandoned harmony with the pilgrims and rather depended on power to recapture their capacity in the land. They lo st the battle at last and the boss was shot in the back by a solider who was guarding him. Before Chief Opechancanough was slaughtered, be that as it may, there was another critical war going on with other Indian settlements. In 1637, an equipped clash between Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth states aligned with different Indian clans against the Pequot Indians occurred and was known as the Pequot War. The Pequot tried to forcefully broaden their property and exchange control through the Connecticut waterway valley while different provinces were keen on very similar things. The contention finished with the Pequot individuals being comepletely eliminated. The Virginia settlement was not absolutely liberated from uprisings after the Indian clashes. In 1676 there was another distress that is called Bacon’s Rebellion. It was driven by pilgrim Nathan Bacon and was begun on account of the expenses being forced on residents for the structure of fortifications. Nathan Bacon was captured for the unsettling influence however was discharged after his supporters constrained his opportunity at gunpoint. Further along ever, an African American designer named Eli Whitney changed the cotton business in the South and really helped the North win the Civil war. He developed the cotton gin and tradable parts and opened the entryway for a flood of innovation that would change how the world worked. He was constrained into case over his licenses for his developments, be that as it may, and thus spent a ton of his benefits from the creations on court and attorney charges. Stephen F. Austin additionally a significant figure in the colonization of America particularly in the South. He began maintaining the privately-owned company which was a store in their old neighborhood however in the long run was designated judge in Arkansas. He started a state after his father’s demise in 1821 in present Fort Bend County and was known for carrying the main pilgrims to Texas known as the â€Å"first 300†. Our state legislative hall is named for him. Before we had the constitution as we probably am aware it today, there existed another archive that represented us. It was known as the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. It accommodated deliberate settlement of the western United States, made new states in the association equivalent to the old ones, and given that Congress concurred that everybody had full citizenship and access to all rights. It is additionally now and then known as the â€Å"old constitution† . Quock Walker was a slave who helped the territory of Massachusetts participate in the primary case that really put together the lawfulness of subjugation with respect to the 1780 constitution. He sued his slave proprietor for threatening behavior under the grounds that he was a freedman. He won fifty pounds from his case and had the option to keep his opportunity. Research Papers on Early American History Up To 1865Where Wild and West MeetNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL examination of IndiaQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the significance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Names and Functions of Chemical Elements in Fireworks

Names and Functions of Chemical Elements in Fireworks Firecrackers are a conventional piece of numerous festivals, including Independence Day. There is a ton of material science and science associated with making firecrackers. Their hues originate from the various temperatures of hot, gleaming metals and from the light transmitted by consuming synthetic mixes. Compound responses drive them and burst them into extraordinary shapes. Heres a component by-component see what is engaged with your normal firecracker. Segments in Fireworks Aluminum: Aluminum is utilized to deliver silver and white blazes and starts. It is a typical part of sparklers. Antimony: Antimony is utilized to make firecracker sparkle impacts. Barium: Barium is utilized to make green hues in firecrackers, and it can likewise help balance out other unstable components. Calcium: Calcium is utilized to develop firecracker hues. Calcium salts produce orange firecrackers. Carbon: Carbon is one of the primary parts of dark powder, which is utilized as a charge in firecrackers. Carbon gives the fuel to a firecracker. Regular structures incorporate carbon dark, sugar, or starch. Chlorine: Chlorine is a significant part of numerous oxidizers in firecrackers. A few of the metal salts that produce hues contain chlorine. Copper: Copper mixes produce blue hues in firecrackers. Iron: Iron is utilized to create flashes. The warmth of the metal decides the shade of the flashes. Lithium: Lithium is a metal that is utilized to give a red shading to firecrackers. Lithium carbonate, specifically, is a typical colorant. Magnesium: Magnesium consumes a splendid white, so it is utilized to include white starts or improve the general brightness of a firecracker. Oxygen: Fireworks incorporate oxidizers, which are substances that produce oxygen with the end goal for consuming to happen. The oxidizers are normally nitrates, chlorates, or perchlorates. Now and again a similar substance is utilized to give oxygen and shading. Phosphorus: Phosphorus consumes immediately in air and is likewise liable for some sparkle in obscurity impacts. It might be a segment of a firecrackers fuel. Potassium: Potassium assists with oxidizing firecracker blends. Potassium nitrate, potassium chlorate, and potassium perchlorate are terrifically significant oxidizers. Sodium: Sodium confers a gold or yellow shading to firecrackers, notwithstanding, the shading might be brilliant to such an extent that it veils less serious hues. Sulfur: Sulfur is a segment of dark powder. It is found in a firecrackers charge/fuel. Strontium: Strontium salts confer a red shading to firecrackers. Strontium mixes are likewise significant for balancing out firecrackers blends. Titanium: Titanium metal can be scorched as powder or chips to deliver silver flashes. Zinc: Zinc is utilized to make smoke impacts for firecrackers and other pyrotechnic gadgets.

California Should Have Stricter Divorce Laws Essay

California Should Have Stricter Divorce Laws - Essay Example This soaring number of separations has brought about more prominent quantities of youngsters being isolated from one of their folks and cast into an unsure future. All the more critically, California has made separation such a simple procedure, that it presently experiences a culture of separation that is bereft of individual duty, places vocation and money in front of connections, and should be changed to make separates in California an increasingly conscious procedure. A significant breakdown in marriage that is brought about by simple separation is the breakdown in the trust and responsibility that several requirements to exist as equivalent accomplices. This breakdown starts route before an issue in the marriage surfaces. The simple disintegration of a marriage weakens the conventional marriage promises and leaves them as meager in excess of an easygoing understanding. At the point when the two life partners live with the nervousness made by the information that the marriage can end whenever, and out of the blue, couples are more averse to put resources into their relationship. They might be progressively hesitant to put resources into property or kids. A troublesome, and progressively keen methodology, to separation could help reestablish the conviction important to evacuate the anxiety of living with the idea that your life partner is not the slightest bit authoritatively bound to the you. I figure it would likewise be a critical sign to the yo ungsters that dedication, guarantees, and sacrosanct pledges have a reason. It is commonly remained constant that youngsters endure the most in a separation. At first they are affected by the detachment from one of their folks and a confounded idea that it might have been their shortcoming. Separated from couples that I have known have more prominent money related issues that straightforwardly sway the youngsters. These guardians sharing care, or with single care, find less time to include themselves in the kid's life. The youngster may take part in less outside the home exercises and have less association with their social condition. I don't accept that remarriage and step-child rearing can ever supplant the obligation of the organic guardians in the psyches of the youngsters. These troubles will finish the youngster their life and result in distance and almost no confidence in the organization of marriage. While kids are instructed that responsibility has less an incentive in a relationship than the accommodation of simple detachment, the simple separation laws strengthen the thought in the psyches of grown-ups. Settling on a profession decision or a desire to make a land move may separate a marriage. In the event that individual satisfaction exceeds the trust that the accomplice has put resources into the relationship, the abandoned companion will be left with the unpleasant dread of closeness. They have come into the foundation of marriage with vulnerability and leave it with the conviction of question and double-crossing. I imagine that these issues could be tended to by making the laws on separate from stricter in its necessities that lead into the lawful certainties. I figure stricter laws on separation would help guarantee that the expectation of marriage isn't helpless before capricious individual inclinations. Regularly, these profession or individual inclinations are a transient uniqueness outside the relationship. They may offer a future that gives off an impression of being rosier than it will in the long run be. Musings of disloyalty may melt away with time, advising, or reevaluation. Notwithstanding, a fast and simple separation kills any chance of

Is Reading Fiction a Waste of Time free essay sample

Despite the fact that by perusing these books, our minds extended and our inventiveness developed. Creative mind is one of the numerous characteristics of a sound mind and can help shape the thoughts of people in the future to come. So imagine a scenario in which they are â€Å"fake,† so are numerous different things, including T. V. shows and motion pictures. In any case, individuals despite everything love those things. So for what reason is everybody just singling out fiction books? Out of those, fiction books are the most instructive. They are unquestionably not an exercise in futility and fiction books are reasonable for any age. Fiction books consistently have a good to their story, regardless of what age level you are perusing at. These books show us the estimations of adoration, kinship, family and numerous different things. Writers who compose fiction books take a genuine circumstance and give it their own wind with their creative mind and inventiveness. Fiction is an approach to present certain ideas and ethics through character decisions. We will compose a custom paper test on Is Reading Fiction a Waste of Time or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In these accounts, we may take a gander at specific issues on the planet through the eyes of the primary characters. Every day, we are compelled to confront reality and whatever life tosses at us. Wouldn’t you like to peruse a novel and envision yourself from their point of view? Or on the other hand envision what they would do in yours? For what reason would it be advisable for us to confront reality when we can float off into a decent book? It’s now and again important to escape from terrible minutes throughout everyday life. Fiction is extraordinary for the brain and everybody should peruse somewhat a greater amount of it. These books are extraordinary for simply overlooking whats around you for some time, unwind, and dispose of all the pressure. There’s verification that glad individuals live more. Significantly subsequent to clarifying all the beneficial things that come out of perusing a fiction books, there are still a few doubters. They state that a genuine exercise can’t be gained from perusing a â€Å"fake† book or that fiction books detract from finding out about genuine occasions. Verifiable will instruct you on the past. Fiction books instruct you with new thoughts. Fiction books likewise increment your insight and jargon. Great creators ordinarily utilize enormous jargon. Along these lines, you will consistently be learning new words. Fiction has changed lives and molded ways of thinking. So imagine a scenario in which individuals consider fiction to be an exercise in futility, they’re the ones passing up a major opportunity. These nonbelievers will never encounter their minds developing, learn significant exercises, or departure from the real world.

The Responsibility of German Citizens Rhetoric, Close Reading, and Meaning in The Book Thief - Literature Essay Samples

Does following orders and laws justify allowing the mass persecution of a race? Is protecting one’s family a viable reason to tolerate the mistreatment of the Jews? During the Nuremberg trials, judges ruled simply following orders was an insubstantial reason to condone the actions of many of Hitler’s party officials. Although leaders who ran death camps and killed Jews blamed their involvement on obeying direction, half received the death sentence and the other half were sentenced to life imprisonment. The Nuremberg trials established â€Å"the idea that individuals are responsible for their own actions, even in times of war† (Danzer, 587). Similarly, in The Book Thief, the author Markus Zusak points out the responsibility of German citizens to speak out against Hitler’s actions towards Jews. The main character Liesel learns kindness towards Jews despite her community’s negative view of them when her foster parents, Hans and Rosa Hubermann, shelter a Jew, Max, in their basement. Liesel forms a friendship with Max and bonds with him over their common loss of family. Later Max leaves the Hubermanns in order to protect them after Hans publicly gives bread to a Jewish man in the street. Throughout The Book Thief, Markus Zusak portrays the responsibility of a German citizen to protect the Jews and how a lack of leads to devastating effects with his diction and by utilizing juxtaposition and metaphor. Early on, the author utilizes juxtaposition to demonstrate the contrast between Hitler-supporting Germans and those who disapproved of him and showcase each groups responsibility for the mistreatment of the Jews. From the beginning of novel Liesel struggles to understand Hitler, the Nazis, and her community’s hatred of the Jews. Two contradictory characters in her life are Frau Holtzapfel and Hans Hubermann. Zusak presents Liesel’s neighbor Frau Holtzapfel as a devoted Nazi Party member with â€Å"one golden rule†¦ if you walked into her shop and didn’t say ‘heil Hitler† you wouldn’t be served† (Zusak 49,50). Contrarily, Liesel’s father openly resists the Nazi Party. This is clear when Hans aids a Jew: after members of the Nazi Party paint a slur on a Jewish shopkeeper’s door Hans approaches the owner and says â€Å"‘I will come tomorrow†¦ and repaint your door†, a promise he keeps (Zusak 181). Additi onally, later in the book Hans attempts to aid a Jew marching to the death camp Dachau: â€Å"Hans Hubermann held his hand out and presented a piece of bread† (Zusak 394). The contrast between these two characters depicts the undeniable split in society in Germany during World War II. However, Zusak examines the integrity of both types of German citizens when the people of Molching hide in the bomb shelter fearfully â€Å"waiting for their final demise† by asking the reader, â€Å"Did they deserve any better, these people?† (Zusak 375). The author chooses to create two very contrasting characters and throw them into the same life threatening situation to force the reader to contemplate German citizen’s responsibility to speak out and protect the Jews. Even though 90 percent of Germans fully supported Hitler, those who disapproved of his methods often remained silent. Those who chose not to remain silent were punished. The author expresses the need for soc iety to speak out when something is wrong, even if they are of the smaller population. This is not the only time the author points out the responsibility of citizens during times of war. In addition, Zusak’s diction when describing Max for the first time portrays the betrayal of the Jews by many German citizens. Zusak first introduces Max sitting in a dark secret storage room waiting for news of whether Hans Hubermann will help him or not. The narrator Death pleads the reader, â€Å"Please try not to look away† in an attempt to portray Max’s misery and suffering (Zusak 138). When Hans agrees to shelter Max, he effectively saves Max’s life. By using the second person point of view the author appeals to the reader’s sense of compassion and sympathy, perhaps even pity, by using the word please to construct a helpless tone for the character Max. Zusak implores the reader not to look away in reference to Hans’ choice to help the struggling Jew. However, on a deeper level the author uses Hans’ situation as an example for all German citizens opposed to Hitler. In doing so, the author implies that the Germans who stood up for and aided the Jews were beneficial to society. Although Zusak gives credit to people who aided the Jews, he acknowledges those who remained silent in a very different way. Finally, Zusak uses metaphors to enhance the negative effect both Hitler supporters and Germans who opposed Hitler silently had on the Jews, enhancing the need for citizens to take responsibility during the war. While hiding in the Hubermann’s basement, Max daydreams about fist fighting Hitler. During a part of the fight in which Max is losing, Death describes Max as a â€Å"punching-bag jew† who feels the â€Å"fists of an entire entire nation† on him (Zusak 253, 254). While some â€Å"made him bleed† and others â€Å"let him suffer† each allowed him to endure pain (Zusak 254). Those who made him bleed represent the Germans who outwardly despised and targeted the Jews, whereas those who let him suffer embody the citizens who did not feel the mass extermination of Jews was socially acceptable, yet remained silent in order to protect themselves and their families. In using the metaphor of a fist fight between Max Vandenburg and Hitler, Zusak comments on the damage all German citizens caused the Jews by either supporting Hitler or remaining silent. In doing so, Zusak urges the reader to understand the importance of voicing one’s opinion. Perhaps if citizens who disagreed with the Nazis spoke out during the Second Word War less damage would have occurred. The author expresses this to demonstrate to society the need for individuals to stand up for their beliefs. The metaphor for how German citizens treated the Jews successfully illustrates the need for society to voice its opinion in times of war. Zusak thus informs the reader of a German citizen’s responsibility to protect the Jews throughout the book with his diction and by using metaphor and juxtaposition. In some ways, the author argues that it is unfair for Germans who genuinely care for the well-being of Jews, such as Hans Hubermann, to die from war in Germany. Society today follows Zusak’s views by staging peaceful protests against what many view as poor government choices. These methods of expression empower an individual to accept responsibility for his or her own communities treatment of people. Works Cited Danzer, Gerals A., Larry S. Krieger, Louis E. Wilson, and Nancy Woloch. The War in the Pacific. The Americans. By Jorge Klor De Alva. Evanston: McDougal Littell, 2007. 587. Print.Zusak, Markus. The Book Thief. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 2005. Print.

Motivations Behind the Privatization of a Public Company - 1925 Words

Motivations Behind the Privatization of a Public Company (Essay Sample) Content: NameInstructorCourseDateMotivations Behind the Privatization of a Public CompanyThere are two types of limited liability companies, private and public limited entities. Each type of company has its distinct features. It is this difference in the traits that make investors prefer investing in either of them. For example, public companies are required by law to have their shares publicly traded through the securities exchange of a country. On the other hand, private companies do not have to issue their shares to the public. In this essay, factors such as the need to increase efficiency will be discussed as the motivations behind the privatization of a public entity.Going private reduces the management time that is spent on ensuring compliance with various laws and regulations. Managers are thus able to focus on growing and running the business. The formulation of strategies that will enable the entity to gain a competitive advantage becomes the concentration of the adm inistrators. This is not the case in a public limited company. In these entities, managers work hard to ensure the organization complies with rules and regulations which are provided by the industry regulators. Among the regulations is the Sarbanes and Oxley Act (SOX). The act was formulated following the emergence of some corporate governance scandals in the United States. It entailed the establishment of harsh new corporate governance principles. The act is exceptionally comprehensive and conveys the full force of the law. The provisions of SOX are pertinent to directors, auditors and employees working for listed companies in the United States. Private companies are not required to comply with this law.The privatization of a public entity results in an improvement in efficiency. It is assumed that private companies are guided by the profit motive. For them to achieve the desired profit levels, strategies to cut on cost must be put in place. This is unlike in government run busines ses where managers do not take part in the distribution of profits. They, therefore, lack the motivation to reduce operational and production costs.The increased levels of efficiency in a private company could also be attributed to the fact that, the managers are also the owners of the business. This is because the principle of separation of ownership from management does not apply to a private limited company. The executives in the private company will thus ensure that the operational costs are maintained within minimum levels. In any case, a rise in profits will mean an increase in the income to them. For example, some entities recorded an improvement in efficiency and profitability right after conversion into a private entity. Such as situation was observed after the British Airways was privatized.The conversion of a public firm to a private entity would be motivated by the need to evade political interference in business. Unlike in the private sector where managers are driven by the strong desires to make a profit, government executives are inspired by political influences instead of sound business and economic ideologies. For instance, a government entity may recruit surplus workers, a majority of whom will have no task to perform in the organization. Further, the government may find it hard to lay them off because by doing so, it shall not be delivering its promise of job creation. Therefore, it is clear that state-owned firms hire more than the required number of employees resulting in an increase in inefficiency.The majority of government policies established interfere with the operations of the public and not the private sector. Examples are fiscal and monetary policies. The government may set the minimum/maximum price at which companies are expected to sell their products to consumers. Private manufacturers are not bound to sell their products at that price, but it is mandatory for public enterprises to abide by the new policy. The government also i nterferes with business activities during the annual elections held by public companies. The involvement may be motivated by self and other motives that are not in line with business objectives and goals. On the contrary, it is possible that the government may have a genuine reason to interfere with the activities of a public company. These take place more when an economy is in a depression, and economic conditions are worsening. The public could erroneously understand these actions as political interference. Such political snooping be it genuine or not does not occur in the private company. Private entities are formed to be in the business for a definite period. Within that period, they tend to focus more on their set goals rather than politics.A public company may be privatized to avoid the annual filing of audited financial statements with the Securities Exchange of a country. The publication of the statements makes them available to the public for scrutiny and analysis. Compe titors may get access to them. They may in return use them to identify areas where the company has a weakness that they can successfully exploit. Investors use the financial statements to make investment decisions. Based on the performance of the enterprise, they may decide to either withdraw their investment or invest more in the business. Compliance with the numerous legal restrictions and formalities make the management of a public enterprise very cumbersome and expensive unlike in the private company (Kershaw 12).The regulation of annual filing of returns does not apply to limited private enterprises. This is advantageous to the company as it can maintain its secrets and weaknesses without disclosing them to competitors. Private companies are exempted from publishing their annual financial statements because they do not source for capital from the public. Their shares are not issued to the public, but to specific institutional investors and other individuals who may be the owner s of the business. The managers of private entities end up getting more time to concentrate on other business activities. They, therefore, avoid the responsibility of preparing financial statements and incurring an extra cost to have them audited.Private companies are not required by the companies act cap 486 to hold an annual and statutory meeting. This is dissimilar to public entities which must hold the shareholders and other stakeholders meeting every year. The purpose of the gathering is to ensure compliance with the law, which requires the meeting to be held annually.Private companies are required to hold annual general meeting after a certain duration has elapsed but not yearly. This is beneficial to them because organizing a meeting is a costly and hectic affair. For a meeting to be held, a notice must be sent to every shareholder and the directors. The notice contains the venue, time and the agendas to be discussed in the meeting. Before the meeting, financial statements ha ve to be prepared and audited in readiness for their presentation to the shareholders. During the meeting election of new directors to replace those whose term may have expired or have resigned takes place through voting. Exemption from the regulation of holding the annual general meeting saves a lot of management time and financial resources.Private companies enjoy the benefit of quick decision making. This is different from the case in public companies where major decisions are made through voting. The votes are cast by all shareholders present in person or by a proxy either through the secret ballot or by the show of hands. Even though quality decisions may be arrived at, the decision-making process is slow. In a private company, decisions are made by the directors in consultation with other top executives; no meetings are required to be held, and the consultations are minimized. Approval from the few shareholders is not necessary for growth and operational strategies to be selec ted. However, the decisions and strategies selected have to be within the scope of the activities specified in the corporate records. It is, therefore, clear that the need to simplify and fasten the decision-making process would lead to the privatization of a public entity.The government may privatize a public entity in a bid to st...

The Trung Sisters of Ancient Vietnam

Beginning in 111 B.C., Han China sought to impose political and cultural control over northern Vietnam, assigning their own governors to oversee existing local leadership, but unease within the region gave birth to brave Vietnamese fighters like Trung Trac and Trung Nhi, The Trung Sisters, who led a heroic yet failed rebellion against their Chinese conquerors.   The pair, born sometime around the dawn of modern history (1 A.D.), were the daughters of a Vietnamese nobleman and military general in the area near Hanoi, and after the death of Tracs husband, she and her sister raised an army to resist and reclaim freedom for Vietnam, thousands of years before it gained its modern independence. Vietnam Under Chinese Control Despite the relatively loose control of Chinese governors in the region, cultural differences made relations between the Vietnamese and their conquerors tense. In particular, Han China followed the strictly hierarchical and patriarchal system espoused by Confucius (Kong Fuzi) whereas the Vietnamese social structure was based on a  more equal status between the sexes. Unlike those in China, women in Vietnam could serve as judges, soldiers, and even rulers and had equal rights to inherit land and other property. To the Confucian Chinese, it must have been shocking that the Vietnamese resistance movement was led by two women — the Trung Sisters, or Hai Ba Trung — but the made a mistake in 39 A.D. when Trung Tracs husband, a noble named Thi Sach, lodged a protest about increasing  tax rates, and in response, the Chinese governor apparently had him executed. The Chinese would have expected a young widow to go into seclusion and mourn her husband, but Trung Trac rallied supporters and launched a rebellion against foreign rule — along with her younger sister Trung Nhi, the widow raised an army of some 80,000 fighters, many of them women, and drove the Chinese from Vietnam. Queen Trung In the year 40, Trung Trac became the queen of northern Vietnam while Trung Nhi served as a top advisor and possibly co-regent. The Trung sisters ruled over an area that included about sixty-five cities and towns and constructed a new capital at Me-linh, a site long associated with the primordial Hong Bang or Loc Dynasty, which legend holds ruled Vietnam from 2879 to 258 B.C. Chinas Emperor Guangwu, who had reunified his country after the Western Han kingdom fell apart, sent his best general to crush the upstart Vietnamese queens rebellion again a few years later and General Ma Yuan was so pivotal to the emperors successes that Mas daughter became the empress of Guangwus son and heir, Emperor Ming. Ma rode south at the head of a battle-hardened army and the Trung sisters rode out to meet him on elephants, in front of their own troops. For more than a year, the Chinese and Vietnamese armies fought for control of northern Vietnam. Defeat and Subjugation Finally, in 43, General Ma Yuan defeated the Trung sisters and their army. Vietnamese records insist that the queens committed suicide by jumping into a river, once their defeat was inevitable while the Chinese claim that Ma Yuan captured and beheaded them instead. Once the Trung sisters rebellion was put down, Ma Yuan and the Han Chinese clamped down hard on Vietnam. Thousands of the Trungs supporters were executed, and many Chinese soldiers remained in the area to ensure Chinas dominance over the lands around Hanoi. Emperor Guangwu even sent settlers from China to dilute the rebellious Vietnamese — a tactic still used today in Tibet and Xinjiang, keeping China in control of Vietnam until 939. Legacy of the Trung Sisters China succeeded in impressing many aspects of Chinese culture upon the Vietnamese, including the civil service exam system and ideas based on Confucian theory. However, the people of Vietnam refused to forget the heroic Trung sisters, despite nine centuries of foreign rule. Even during the decades-long struggles for Vietnamese independence in the 20th century — first against the French colonists, and then in the Vietnam War against the United States — the story of the Trung sisters inspired ordinary Vietnamese. Indeed, the persistence of pre-Confucian Vietnamese attitudes about women may help to account for a large number of female soldiers who participated in the Vietnam War. To this day, the people of Vietnam perform memorial ceremonies for the sisters every year at a Hanoi temple named for them.